该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科

　　02.09.2016 / EN

　　FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 215 号

　　BICHON FRISE

　　卷毛比熊

　　本图片并不一定代表该犬种的理想类型

　　ORIGIN: Franco-Belgian.

　　起源国：法国-比利时

　　UTILIZATION: Companion dog.

　　用途：伴侣犬

　　FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

　　Group 9 Companion and toy dogs.

　　Section 1 Bichons and related breeds -1.1 Bichons.

　　Without working trial.

　　FCI分组：

　　第9组 伴侣犬和玩具犬组

　　第1类 比熊及相关犬种-1.1比熊

　　无需工作犬测试。

　　BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

　　The Bichon Frisé was brought to France from Italy during the Renaissance. As it looked like a very small Barbet, it was given the name of “barbichon” which was then shortened to “bichon”. In the 17th and 18th centuries, many renowned painters depicted these little dogs which accompanied kings, nobles and other noteworthy persons. The breed came back into fashion under Napoléon III, and it was known at that time as the “Ténériffe”. It was then popularized, becoming well-liked in both Belgium and France. It almost disappeared after the two world wars. It is thanks to the passion of a few French and Belgian breeders that a population was able to be reconstituted. The first dog, registered in Belgium, was Pitou, born on 23rd March 1924 and was registered in the Belgian studbook (LOSH) in 1932. N° 1 in the French studbook (LOF) was attributed to Ida, a female Bichon Frisé on 18th October 1934. The current French name – Bichon à poil frisé – was given in 1978 and was recognized as a Franco-Belgian breed.

　　历史沿革：

　　比熊犬在文艺复兴时期从意大利被带到法国，它看起来像小型巴贝特犬，因此被命名为“巴比熊”(意为小巴贝特)，后简称为“比熊”。17和18世纪，许多著名画家曾描绘这些小狗陪伴在王公贵族、达官显贵左右。该犬种在拿破仑三世时期重新流行起来，那时以“特内里费”而著称。随后在法国和比利时都广受欢迎。两次世界大战过后，此犬几乎灭绝。多亏有一群法国和比利时育种家，在他们的努力下种群得以重建。比利时登记的第一只比熊“皮图”，出生于1924年3月23日，1932年在比利时(LOSH)登记注册。1934年10月18日，法国第一只有记录的比熊母犬“艾达”完成登记。卷毛比熊现在的法语名字“Bichon à poil frisé”在1978年命名，被认为是一个法国-比利时犬种。

　　GENERAL APPEARANCE:

　　A cheerful little dog, with a lively gait and very loose, white corkscrew-curled hair. Head carried proud; the eyes are dark, lively and expressive. The tail is carried gracefully curved over the back.

　　整体外貌：

　　欢快的小型犬，步态轻快，毛发蓬松且卷曲。头高昂，眼深色，表情活泼、富于表现力。尾巴优雅地弯曲在背上。

　　IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

　　The Bichon Frisé is longer than it is tall, the length of the body (from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock) is greater than the height at the withers. The body is rectangular.

　　The ratio of the length of the skull to the length of the muzzle is 3 to 2.

　　The depth of the chest is equal to the height measured from the floor to the elbows.

　　重要比例：

　　比熊犬身体的长度(从肩点到臀尖的距离)大于肩高。身体为矩形。

　　头骨长度与口吻长度之比为3比2.

　　胸深等于从地面到肘部的距离。

　　BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT:

　　It is a true companion dog which can be taken anywhere without trouble. It is neither nervous nor does it often bark, it is very sociable towards both people and dogs, even if it does not know them. It has a great capacity to adapt and is very attached to its masters.

　　行为/秉性：

　　是真正的伴侣犬，可以带它去任何地方都没有问题。它既不紧张也不爱吠叫，对人和狗都很友好，即使它不认识他们。适应能力极强，非常喜欢自己的主人。

　　HEAD： In good proportion with the body. The eyes and nose, being three easily visible black points on an otherwise white head, should form an equilateral triangle.

　　头部：

　　与身体比例协调。眼和鼻是白色头部上非常显著的三个黑点，应该形成一个等边三角形。

　　CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域

　　Skull: Rather flat to the touch, although the furnishings make it appear rounded. The frontal furrow is slightly pronounced. The skull is longer than the muzzle. It is not as wide as it is long and makes up 3/5 of the length of the head. The superciliary ridges are not too pronounced.

　　头骨：摸起来很平，但饰毛使其外观呈圆形。前额皱纹略明显。头骨长度略大于口吻，头骨占整个头部的五分之三长。眉嵴不太明显。

　　Stop : Marked, but not too pronounced.

　　额段：有，但不太明显。

　　FACIAL REGION:

　　Nose: Rounded, black, finely grained and glossy.

　　鼻：圆、黑色、纹路细腻、平滑。

　　Muzzle: Very wide at the base, not becoming much thinner towards the nose, it forms 2/5 of the length of the head. Straight nose bridge, neither down-pointing nor up-tilting.

　　口吻：底部非常宽，至鼻尖不会变得太细，占头部长度的五分之二。鼻梁直，既不向上也不向下倾斜。

　　Lips: Fine, rather lean, falling only enough to cover the lower lip, but never heavy or pendulous; they are normally pigmented black up to the corner. The lower lip must not be heavy, visible or slack. The corner of the lips is well closed and does not allow the inner side of the lips to be seen.

　　唇：精致，较薄，自然下垂，刚好将下唇盖住，但不显沉重和松垂;通常一直到唇角皆为黑色;下唇不能显沉重，也不能外露、松驰，嘴角很好闭合，唇内侧不能外露。

　　Jaws/Teeth: The upper and lower jaws are wide, each one with six evenly set incisors. Scissor bite is preferred; pincer bite is tolerated. Full dentition is preferred.

　　颌/牙齿：上下颌宽，各六颗排列均匀的门齿。剪状咬合为佳，水平咬合也可。牙齿齐全为佳。

　　Cheeks: Flat

　　面颊：平。

　　Eyes: Very dark, medium-sized, rather round in shape, neither almond-shaped nor protruding. They must not be set obliquely. The pigmentation of the eye rims must be completely black. When the dog is looking forwards, the whites of the eyes should not be showing.

　　眼睛：很黑，中等大小，形状较圆，非杏仁状，也不突出。位置必须不能倾斜。眼圈色素必须为全黑。狗向前看时，不应露出眼白。

　　Ears: The ears are drooping and are well-furnished with profuse hair. They are attached above the eye-line, forming an equilateral triangle, and hang vertically along the cheeks. When they are pulled forward, the leathers should reach at least the corner of the lips, and at the most should reach the middle of the muzzle. The ears are mobile, especially when something catches the dog’s attention.

　　耳朵：耳朵下垂，覆盖着浓密的毛发。位置在眼中线延长线上，形成等边三角形，耳垂直于面颊两侧。向前拉时，耳朵边缘应至少触及嘴角，最多到达口吻中部。耳朵灵活，尤其在注意力集中时。

　　NECK: Quite long, carried high and proudly. It is round and slim near the skull, gradually broadening to fit smoothly into the shoulders. Its length is approximately a third of its body length. Without dewlap.

　　颈部：较长，高高昂起。头骨附近圆且细，至肩部逐渐变宽，与肩自然衔接。长度约为身体长度的三分之一。无垂肉。

　　BODY: 躯干

　　Topline: Straight, approximately horizontal up to the base of the tail.

　　背线：直，接近水平直至尾根。

　　Withers: Quite marked.

　　肩：明显。

　　Back: Horizontal, well-muscled.

　　背：水平，肌肉发达。

　　Loin: Wide and well-muscled, slightly arched.

　　腰: 宽，肌肉发达，略微拱起。

　　Croup: Wide, slightly rounded, very slightly sloping.

　　臀：宽，略圆，微倾斜。

　　Chest: Well-developed, well let down to the elbows, deep brisket, the floating ribs are well sprung and do not end abruptly, the chest being rather long.

　　胸：发育良好，向下至肘部，胸深，肋骨扩张良好，末端不显唐突，胸部长。

　　Underline and Belly: The underside of the chest rises slightly towards the line of the belly, which is moderately tucked up. The flanks are well tucked up; the skin is fine and not loose.

　　底线和腹部：胸部下方向腹部略微上升，腹线自然收起，侧腹收缩良好，皮肤细致不松弛。

　　TAIL: Attached moderately high, slightly below the line of the back, it is carried raised and gracefully curved in line with the spine, without being rolled up or docked. The extremity of the tail, regardless of the hair, does not touch the dog’s back. The tail furnishings may fall onto the back. The tail must not hang when the dog is moving.

　　尾：位置适度高，略低于背线。尾部举起，优雅地弯曲于脊椎线，不卷起或断尾。尾巴的末端，不考虑毛发，不碰到狗的背部，尾巴的饰毛可能会落在背上。狗运动时，尾巴不能下垂。

　　LIMBS: 四肢

　　FOREQUARTERS: 前躯

　　General appearance: Seen from the front, the forelegs are straight. Moderate bone.

　　整体外形：从前面看，前腿直，骨量适中。

　　Shoulder : Well laid back.

　　肩：自然向后。

　　Upper arm: Forming good angulation with the shoulders.

　　上臂：与肩部形成良好角度。

　　Elbow : Close to chest.

　　肘部: 靠近胸部。

　　Forearm: Straight and perpendicular seen from all sides.

　　前臂：直，从各个角度看都是垂直的。

　　Pastern: Short and straight seen from the front, very slightly sloping seen from the side.

　　系部：从前面看，短而直，从侧面看微微倾斜。

　　Feet: Tight, round and well knuckled up, neither turned inward nor outwards, the pads must be black and the nails should preferably be black.

　　前足：紧，圆，拱起，既不向外也不向内，脚垫必须是黑色的，趾甲黑色为佳。

　　LIMBS: 四肢

　　HINDQUARTERS: 后躯

　　General appearance: The pelvis is broad. The hind legs are well muscled and seen from behind, they are parallel to each other. They are vertical.

　　整体外形：骨盆宽，从后面看，后腿肌肉发达，相互平行且垂直地面。

　　Thigh: broad and well muscled.

　　大腿：宽， 肌肉发达。

　　Stifle (Knee): Well angulated, neither turning in nor out.

　　后膝关节：角度好，既不向内也不向外。

　　Lower thigh: Approximately the same length as the thigh.

　　小腿：大约和大腿一样长。

　　Hock joint : Set low and well marked.

　　跗关节：位置低且明显。

　　Rear pastern: Lean, without dewclaws.

　　后腿系部：倾斜，无狼爪。

　　Feet: Tight, round and well knuckled up, neither turned inward nor outwards, the pads must be black and the nails should preferably be black.

　　足：紧，圆，拱起，既不向外也不向内，脚垫必须是黑色的，趾甲黑色为佳。

　　GAIT/MOVEMENT: Quick-moving, free, covering a lot of ground. When trotting, the head is carried high, the tail is well curved over the back. Hind legs have good drive. Parallel tracking.

　　步态/动态：

　　快速、自如、覆盖面积大。小跑时，头部高高昂起，尾巴弯曲于后背。后腿驱动好。双轨。

　　SKIN: Stretched tight over all the body; dark pigmentation is preferred; however, it does not influence the colour of the hair. The scrotum should preferably be black.

　　皮肤：全身皮肤紧致，色素深为佳，但不能影响毛色。阴囊最好为黑色。

　　COAT: 被毛

　　Hair: Profuse coat. The hair of the outer coat forms loose spiral curls (this is the curly structure). The soft and dense undercoat must be present. The coat is neither flat nor corded, neither woolly, nor matted.

　　毛质：被毛丰厚。外层毛形成蓬松的螺旋状毛发(弯曲的结构)。必须有软而密的底毛。被毛不平也非绳状、非羊毛状、非打结。

　　Colour: Pure white. However, before 12 months of age, the coat can have the tendency to be slightly beige (champagne), but this tinge must not cover more than 10% of the dog.

　　毛色: 纯白。12月龄前，被毛可能略带米色(香槟色)，但不能超过整体的10%。

　　SIZE AND WEIGHT: 尺寸和重量

　　Height at withers :

　　25-29 cm

　　A tolerance of 1 cm taller is accepted for males, A tolerance of 2 cm lower is accepted for females, provided that the proportions remain balanced and that the sexual dimorphism is well marked.

　　肩高：

　　25-29厘米。

　　只要比例平衡且第二性征明显，公犬上限增加一厘米可接受，母犬下限减少两厘米可接受。

　　Weight:

　　Approximately 5 kg, in proportion with the size.

　　重量：

　　大约5公斤，与尺寸成比例。

　　FAULTS: 缺陷

　　FAULTS:

　　Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault, and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

　　缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，缺陷的严重程度与缺陷的程度大小及此缺陷对犬只的健康、福利成正比。

　　SERIOUS FAULTS: 严重缺陷

　　SERIOUS FAULTS:

　　Temperament: A dog which is lacking in self-assurance.

　　Head: Pointed muzzle.

　　Nose: Loss of pigmentation.

　　Lips: Pink or partially depigmented, slack corners of the lips.

　　Eyes: Light-coloured, incomplete pigmentation of the eye rims, visible whites of the eyes. The coat under the eyes should not have traces of lacrimal secretions.

　　Chest: Underdeveloped.

　　Tail: Rolled up, curled in a ring, raised perpendicularly or dropped whilst in movement.

　　Limbs: Insufficient angulations.

　　Hair: Not profuse enough and/or incorrect curl, causing the coat to be open or flattened.

　　Colour: Colouring in the coat (except for dogs under the age of 12 months).

　　严重缺陷：

　　性格：缺乏自信的犬。

　　头：口吻尖。

　　鼻：缺失色素。

　　唇：粉色或部分缺色素，嘴角松弛。

　　眼：浅色，眼圈色素沉着不全，眼白可见。眼睛下方的皮肤不应有泪痕。

　　胸：发育不良。

　　尾：卷尾，环形尾，运动时直立或下垂的尾巴。

　　四肢：缺乏角度。

　　毛发：不够丰满和/或弯曲不正确，导致被毛开放或平。

　　毛色：有颜色的被毛(12月龄以下的狗除外)

　　DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷

　　DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:

　　Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

　　Any dog clearly showing physical of behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

　　Dentition: Prognathism (overshot or undershot).

　　Total depigmentation of the nose, lip edges and rims of the eyelids.

　　Eyes: Small, almond-shaped, protruding, too light or wall eye.

　　Hair: Total lack of curly structure.

　　卷毛银狐犬就是日本绒毛犬，原产于日本。

　　银狐犬外观毛色为纯白色，双重皮毛，.颈部周围、胸部及尾巴有丰满的丛毛，特别膨松。黑色的大眼睛，耳朵直立而且呈现三角形，又圆又黑的小鼻子，咀尖，脚圆，趾间有丰满的饰毛成犬身高30~38公分，体重6.4-10千克，寿命在12年左右。其标志特征是：立耳、卷尾、咀尖无曲，眼如杏仁，上眼皮有长睫毛，酷似双眼皮，其背部平直，四肢强键有力，身体结实，毛色有白色、虎色、花斑色等多种颜色，以明亮的纯白色为主。

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